Payment order (nakaz zapłaty)

A court order to pay, issued without a hearing. An objection or charges must generally be filed within 14 days of delivery.

The content of this page is for information only and does not constitute legal advice. Your situation may require an individual assessment by a lawyer.

What is this letter?

A payment order is a ruling a Polish court issues in closed session — without a hearing and without hearing the defendant — based solely on the claimant's statement of claim and documents. It is issued in writ-of-payment proceedings, order-for-payment proceedings or electronic writ proceedings (the e-court in Lublin). Together with the order you receive a copy of the claim and instructions on how to file an objection or charges. Filing an objection in time makes the order lose force and moves the case to ordinary examination.

What deadline applies?

14 daysfrom the day the letter is delivered

An objection (writ proceedings and the e-court) or charges (order-for-payment proceedings) must be filed within two weeks of delivery of the order, if delivery takes place in Poland (Art. 480² § 2 of the Code of Civil Procedure). For delivery abroad within the EU the deadline is one month, and outside the EU — three months.

Legal basis: art. 480² § 2 KPC

The deadline runs from the day the letter is delivered (received) — the delivery day itself does not count. Verify the delivery date with a lawyer: whether you make the deadline depends on it.

What happens if you ignore it?

An order against which no objection or charges were filed in time becomes final and has the effect of a judgment. The creditor can obtain an enforcement clause and refer the case to a bailiff — your salary or bank account may be seized, and enforcement costs are added to the debt. Restoring the deadline is possible only in exceptional cases.

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Frequently asked questions

Does filing an objection to a payment order cost anything?

An objection in writ-of-payment proceedings and in the e-court is free of court fees. A fee (three quarters of the claim fee) is, however, payable for charges against a payment order issued in order-for-payment proceedings.

I never collected the registered letter from the court. Does the order still bind me?

It may — a letter left twice with a collection notice and never collected can be deemed delivered (substitute delivery), and the deadline starts running anyway. If you live at a different address than the one in the claim, consult a lawyer as soon as possible — this can be a ground for defence.

What should the objection contain?

A statement whether you contest the order in whole or in part, plus your pleas and motions. In writ proceedings the objection needs no fee and no evidence attached, but formal defects can lead to its rejection — it is worth using a lawyer.

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Other official letters

Demand for paymentStatement of claim (lawsuit served by the court)Summons from the tax officeLetter from a bailiff (seizure, start of enforcement)Termination of a lease agreementTermination of an employment contractWitness summonsNotice of the opening of administrative proceedingsFine ticket / minor offence (mandat)